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Chronic Disease of Obesity - Obesity Algorithm 2024

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15 Energy Expenditure Direct Calorimetry Measurement   ➤ Measures heat generated by an organism. Direct Calorimetry Formula   ➤ Substrate (Food) Energy = ~60% Liberated as Heat + ~40% Conserved as adenosine triphosphate (ATP): • Utilized by direct calorimetry. • Requires knowledge of generated heat, such as through the differences in water temperature entering and leaving a chamber. Indirect Calorimetry Measurement   ➤ Measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Indirect Calorimetry Formulas   ➤ Abbreviated Weir Equation: Resting energy expenditure = oxygen uptake/consumption (VO 2 ) + carbon dioxide output/ elimination (VCO 2 ) • Weir equation: Energy expenditure = VO 2 + VCO 2 – Nitrogen (urine)   ▶ Assumes FIO 2 + FIN 2 = 1 (F = Fraction)   ▶ Inhaled ambient air = 21% O 2 + 79% N 2 + less than 1% CO 2 Non-Caloric Methods   ➤ Based on: • Age, gender, weight, height • Physical activity records as input data to validated energy- expenditure tables • Heart rate • Motion sensors (e.g., pedometers)

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