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Obesity Pharmacotherapy - Obesity Algorithm 2024

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28 Supplements and Functional Foods Common Functional Foods Mechanism of Action Effects Side Effects Vinegar (Apple Cider Vinegar) Fermenting yeast exposed to sugar (such as apple juice) generates alcohol. Vinegar may slow gastric emptying, increase satiety and have effects upon the microbiome. Small studies suggest vinegar may mildly reduce body weight, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce postprandial glucose levels. A systematic review concluded that inadequate high quality research exists to confirm health benefits f rom apple vinegar. May promote erosion of tooth enamel, potentiate gastroparesis, cause esophagitis, bloating and indigestion, and potentially lower potassium blood levels. Curcumin Curcumin is a polyphenol component of turmeric, which is a spice (curry powder). Among patients with metabolic syndrome, a meta-analysis suggests curcumin may mildly reduce body weight and waist circumference. Among the rare side effects reported include nausea, gastrointestinal/ abdominal pain, and headache. Ginger Ginger is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, and a spice rich in volatile oils. A meta-analysis suggests ginger intake may reduce body weight and waist to hip ratio. The rare side effects include bad taste, heartburn, abdominal discomfort, weight gain, headache, dry mouth, and nausea. Dairy products Dairy are milk-derived foods, containing sugars (lactose), fats, proteins, and calcium. A meta-analysis suggests increased dairy consumption with an energy- restricted diet may result in lower body weight and fat mass. Dairy products may cause nausea, bloating, and diarrhea, especially among patients with lactose intolerance, as well as potential worsening of acne. (cont'd)

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