Diagnosis
Table 1. Potential Etiologies of Amenorrhea
Congenital malformation
Septo-optic dysplasia
Holoprosencephaly
Encephalocele
Constitutional delay
Genetic conditions
Congenital deficiency of hypothalamic or pituitary transcription factors (gonadotropin
deficiency)
Single-gene mutations (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism)
Hyperprolactinemia
Pituitary gland or stalk damage
Tumors and cysts [hypothalamic or pituitary tumor (hormone-secreting ),
craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cyst, other cysts, and tumors]
Infiltrative disorders (germinoma, autoimmune hypophysitis, sarcoidosis,
hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, IgG4-related
hypophysitis)
Irradiation
Infarction [apoplexy in pre-existing pituitary tumors, or following postpartum
hemorrhage (Sheehan syndrome)]
Surgery
Trauma
Others
Eating disorders
Competitive athletics
Chronic disease
Mood disorders
Stress or psychiatric illness
Drugs
Thyroid
Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
Diagnosis