19
Disordered family function or abuse
Systematic review of 16
cross-sectional and 1
longitudinal study of family
function
Lower levels of family functioning,
including poor communication,
poor behavior control, poor family
cohesion, high levels of family
conflict, and low family hierarchy
values representing low authority,
dominance, and decision power,
showed low to moderate relationship
to the subject's classification of
pediatric obese or overweight;
however, out of 4 interventional
studies only 2 showed that improved
family functioning decreased the
risk of obesity, but these studies were
suboptimal
+
A meta-analysis of 41
studies including 190,285
participants
Pediatric maltreatment was associated
with a 1.36 increased risk ratio for
pediatric obesity
+
Systematic review of 36
studies
Interpersonal violence increased the
risk of obesity later in life
+
Systematic review of
6 prospective and 2
retrospective studies
Stressful environments during
childhood and adolescence, including
lack of good care, pediatric anxiety
disorders, learning difficulties, low
school achievement, and childhood/
adolescence abuse, increased adult
obesity risk, depression in adolescence,
and increased the risk for obesity in
girls only
+
Table 4. Factors Associated With Prevention of Pediatric
Obesity (cont'd)
Study Format Relationship
Relationship to
the Development
of Obesity
or Metabolic
Improvement
