21
Increased breast feeding
Meta-analysis of 25 studies
with a total of 226,508
participants
Breast-feeding was protective of the
development of obesity with a dose
response effect in 17 studies
+
A cluster-randomized trial of
a breastfeeding promotion
intervention of 13,889
subjects (81.5%) followed up
at 6.5 y from 31 Belarusian
maternity hospitals and
affiliated clinics
Although there were substantial
increases in the duration and
exclusivity of breast-feeding, there was
no reduction in obesity at age 6.5 y
None
Meta-analysis of 10 studies
of breastfeeding
Five studies showed protective effects
and 5 did not; likewise, there were
mixed findings on length of breast-
feeding and time of introduction of
complementary food
Mixed
Cohort analyses of 11,998
teenagers from the National
Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health
ere was a decreased risk of obesity
in girls breast-fed at least 9 mo with
similar, but less significant, effects in
boys; however, analysis of sibling pairs
eliminated any significance from the
relationship, demonstrating the effect
of confounding effects on cohort
analyses
+
a
Some studies included obese children and adolescents, but results may relate to prevention.
Table 4. Factors Associated With Prevention of Pediatric
Obesity (cont'd)
Study Format Relationship
Relationship to
the Development
of Obesity
or Metabolic
Improvement
