Diagnosis
2
Renal insufficiency
Black Race
Hyperhomcysteinemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes
Age
Male gender
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Figure 1. Odds Ratios (ORs) for Risk Factors for Peripheral
Arterial Disease (PAD)
Figure 2. Natural History of Intermittent Claudication (IC)
Intermittent Claudication
5-year Outcome
MI or Stroke
20%
Stable
Claudication
70–80%
Mortality
10–15%
Worsening
Claudication
20–30%
Critical Limb
Ischemia
1–3%
Limb Morbidity
CV Morbidity and Mortality
Adapted from American College of Cardiolog y/American Heart Association guidelines.
Adapted from Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease
(TASC II)
