APTA GUIDELINES Bundle (free trial)

Total Knee Arthroplasty Physical Therapist Management

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Table 3. Strength of Recommendations Strength Strength Visual Definition Strong ★★★★ A high level of certainty of moderate-to- substantial benefit, harm, or cost, or a moderate level of certainty for substantial benefit, harm, or cost (based on a preponderance of Level 1 or 2 evidence with at least one Level 1 study). Moderate ★★★★ A high level of certainty of slight-to-moderate benefit, harm, or cost, or a moderate level of certainty for a moderate level of benefit, harm, or cost (based on a preponderance of Level 2 evidence, or a single high-quality RCT). Weak ★★★★ A moderate level of certainty of slight benefit, harm, or cost, or a low level of certainty for moderate-to-substantial benefit, harm, or cost (based on Level 2 thru 5 evidence). Theoretical/ foundational ★★★★ A preponderance of evidence from animal or cadaver studies, from conceptual/theoretical models/principles, or from basic science/ bench research; or published expert opinion in peer-reviewed journals that supports the recommendation. Best Practice ★★★★ Recommended practice based on current clinical practice norms; exceptional situations in which validating studies have not or cannot be performed yet there is a clear benefit, harm, or cost; or expert opinion. Research An absence of research on the topic or disagreement among conclusions from higher-quality studies on the topic.

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